2012/03/15

Är du sjuk eller bara en glad samlare?

Av Per Carlbring

I en nyligen publicerad artikel (”Hoarding versus collecting: Where does pathology diverge from play?”) av Ashley E. Nordsletten och David Mataix-Cols i Clinical Psychology Review har man tittat på skillnaden mellan normala och sjukliga samlare. De sammanfattar skillnaderna i tabellen nedan.

Feature Collecting (Friskt) Hoarding (Patologiskt)
Onset and course Childhood onset;
Intermittent course; decreases with each decade of life
Childhood onset;
Chronic course; increases with each decade of life
Prevalence ~ 70% of children; ~ 30% of adults; ~ 15% of older adults 2–5% of adults
Meaning of objects Symbolic and sentimental;
Instrumental value of secondary concern
Utilitarian and sentimental;
Instrumental value of primary concern
Source of value Individual and interrelated;
Objects individually valued, however object’s value also influenced by its relationship with other collected items.
Individual;
Each object is valued independently from other hoarded items.
Object content Very focused;
Objects bound by a cohesive theme; few different categories of objects
Less focused;
Objects lack a cohesive theme; large number of different categories of objects
Use of objects Common;
30% of collectors actively use their collected items. Likely that the majority of collectors regularly use their non-collected items
Rare;
Objects are often acquired with the intention of use, however, studies show hoarders rarely use their items
Acquisition process Multiple stages, including planning, hunting and organized display of objects post-acquisition Planning and organized display not present
Excessive acquisition Objects actively acquired in a purposeful and goal-driven manner; excessive acquisition possible Objects actively and passively acquired; excessive acquisition present in the majority (~ 75%)
Reason for accumulation Hobby/leisure, set completion
Public identity
Control, safety,
Personal Identity
Level of organization High;
Rooms functional and collected items confined to restricted area
Low;
The functionality of rooms is compromised by disorganized clutter
Distress Not present in majority;
Typically not the product of clutter
Present in the majority;
Clutter is a key factor
Social impairment Minimal;
Collectors show marriage rates in line with national norms and frequently integrate their collecting behavior and social lives
Severe;
Hoarding is associated with reduced rates of marriage, increased rates of relationship conflict and, in some cases, social withdrawal